With growing concern over the energy security, the role of new and renewable energy is on the rise in India. Renewable energy is expected to have increased share in future fuel mix in the country. Several programmes launched by the government and other private bodies are working to achieve the common objective of environment protection. It is heartening to note that more number of industries are sharing responsibilities in environment protection through usage of green and energy efficient technologies. Case study section highlights a few government as well as private initiatives. These programmes/activities broadly seek to supplement conventional fossil-fuel based power through harnessing energy efficient and renewable technologies, which include wind, small hydro, bio-power, rural electrification, improved cooking methods, and other commercially viable process.